Kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwesherufu yezvokudya, kunze kwezvokudya zvakabikwa uye zvokudya zvakaomeswa nemhepo, zvizhinji zvacho zvinoshandisa kubika, kuvharisa, chando uye vacuum packaging, uye vamwe vanotowedzera zvinochengetedza.Nekudaro, kunyangwe iyi nzira inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu, chikafu chinorasikirwa nyore nekunaka kwayo kwechisikigo uye kuravira.Nekukurumidza kusimudzira tekinoroji yekurongedza chikafu, kushandisa yakagadziridzwa mhepo yekurongedza muchina pakuchengetedza chikafu kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwesherufu yechikafu, kukiya chikafu chechikafu, uye kuchengetedza kunaka kwechisikigo.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti iyo yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza muchina (MAP muchina) inonyanya kushandisa yakagadziridzwa yekuchengetedza mhepo tekinoroji kutsiva mhepo mupakeji nekushandisa inodzivirira yakasanganiswa gasi.Nekuda kwemabasa akasiyana anotambwa neakasiyana magasi ekudzivirira, anogona kudzikamisa kukura uye kubereka kweakawanda mabhakitiriya uye tupukanana tunokonzera kukanganisa kwekudya, uye kuderedza kufema kwezvigadzirwa (michero, miriwo, hove, nyama, nezvimwewo), kugadzira. Chikafu chinogona kuchengetwa chiri chitsva, nekudaro chichiwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu uye hupenyu hwesherufu hwechigadzirwa.Kazhinji kutaura, hupenyu hwesherufu hwechikafu hunowedzerwa kubva pazuva 1 kusvika kune anopfuura mazuva masere.
Mazuva ano, huwandu hwekushandiswa kweakagadziridzwa emhepo ekurongedza machina ari kuwedzera uye kuwanda, kubva kune michero, miriwo, nyama, kune akasiyana akarukwa miriwo, magaka, zvigadzirwa zvemumvura, makeke, mishonga yemishonga, nezvimwe, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi kutsva uye mhando. chekudya.Pakati pavo, sezvo vanhu vanotarisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwenyama, nyama yakatonhora yakawedzera kuve iyo inonyanya kudyiwa nyama, inogara.kuwedzera chikamu mumisika yemuno neyekunze.Parizvino, nekushandisa yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza kune inotonhora nyowani nyama kurongedza, haingove nechokwadi kutsva kwenyama inotonhora nyowani, asi zvakare inovimbisa kunaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwenyama.
Ichokwadi kuti zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti akakosha ehunyanzvi mapoinzi mukushandiswa kweakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza, kutanga, iyo gasi.kusanganisa reshiyo, uye yechipiri igasi kusanganisa kutsiva.Sekureva kwevashandi vehunyanzvi, gasi rekuchengetedza mune inodzorwa kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kurongedza kazhinji rine kabhoni dioxide, okisijeni, nitrogen uye shoma shoma magasi akakosha.Iwo magasi anotsiviwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvekudya uye gasi kusanganiswa reshiyo zvakasiyana.Semuenzaniso, michero nemiriwo zvinowanzotsiva gasi mubhokisi neokisijeni, carbon dioxide nemamwe magasi.
Kwete izvozvo chete, kuwanda kwemagasi akasiyana-siyana akasanganiswa kunofanirwa kuve mune imwe chiyero, kwete yakanyanya kana kuderera, zvikasadaro hazvizongotadza kuchengetedza kutsva kwemichero nemiriwo, asi zvinogonawo kukurumidza kuparara kwechikafu.Kazhinji kutaura, iyo oxygen concentration ratio ndeye 4% kusvika 6%, uye iyo carbon dioxide concentration ratio ndeye 3% kusvika 5%.Kana huwandu hwekutsiviwa kweokisijeni hwakanyanya kuderera, kufema kweanaerobic kuchaitika, zvichikonzera kuviriswa kwemichero yelychee uye tishu necrosis;zvakasiyana, kana iyo oxygen concentration yakakwira uye carbon dioxide yakaderera, iyo metabolism yemichero nemiriwo ichaderera, kupfupisa hupenyu hwesherufu.
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Kana uchienzaniswa nemichero nemiriwo, muchina wekurongedza wemumhepo wakagadziridzwa unoshandiswa kugadzira chikafu chakabikwa une reshiyo yakakwirira kwazvo yegasi rakasanganiswa rekuchengetedza nyowani.Semuenzaniso, carbon dioxide i34% kusvika 36%, nitrogen i64% kusvika 66%, uye gasi rekutsinhanisa ≥98%.Nekuti chikafu chakabikwa chinogona kuberekesa mabhakitiriya uye tupukanana zviri nyore pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akajairwa uye kukurumidza kuparara uye kuparara, uchishandisa yakagadziridzwa mhepo yekurongedza muchina kugadzirisa chikamu chegasi rakasanganiswa, kunyanya oxygen, inogona kunyatso kudzikisa huwandu hweokisijeni uye kuderedza kubereka kwebhakitiriya. (anaphylactica).(kunze kwebhakitiriya reaerobic), nekudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuchengetedza kutsva kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya zvakabikwa.
Uye zvakare, kana vashandisi vachiita gasi kusanganisa uye kutsiva, ivo vanofanirwa kuzadza uye kutsiva zvinoenderana neyakasiyana zvigadzirwa.Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvemichero nemiriwo zvinonyanya kuzadzwa neakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza ekuchengetedza magasi anosanganisira O2, CO2 uye N2;magasi ekuchengetedza ezvigadzirwa zvekudya zvakabikwa anowanzo kuumbwa neCO2, N2 uye other magasi;nepo kuparara kwezvinhu zvakabikwa kunonyanya kuoma, uye kuchengetedza kunoda kuderedza oksijeni, kudzivirira mildew uye kuchengetedza kunaka., gasi rekuchengetedza rinoumbwa neCO2 neN2;yenyama nyowani, iyo yakagadziridzwa mhepo yekurongedza gasi inoumbwa neCO2, O2 nemamwe magasi.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti kunyangwe iyo yakagadziridzwa mhepo yekurongedza muchina inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwechigadziko uye hupenyu hwesherufu hwezvishandiso, nzvimbo yekuchengetera yezvakasiyana zvinongedzo ichakanganisa hupenyu hwavo hwesherufu.Hupenyu hwesherufu hwekugadziriswa kwemuchadenga packaging inotarwa zvichienderana nekusiyana uye kutsva kwezvakagadzirwa, zvakadai sestrawberries, lychees, cherries, howa, mashizha ane mashizha, etc. Kana firimu yakaderera-chipingamupinyi inoshandiswa, mararamiro ehupenyu hwemichero nemiriwo. pa 0-4 ℃ ndeye 10-30 mazuva.
Kune zvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvakabikwa, mushure mekugadziriswa kwemamiriro ekunze, hupenyu hwavo hwesherufu hunodarika mazuva 5-10 pazasi pe20 ℃.Kana kunze kwekushisa kukadzika, hupenyu hwesherufu huri 30-60 mazuva pa 0-4 ℃.Kana mushandisi akashandisa yakakwirira chipingamupinyi firimu uye ipapo anoshandisa pasteurization muitiro (inenge 80 ° C), pasherufu upenyu huchave kupfuura 60-90 mazuva pakamuri tembiricha.Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kana yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza akashandiswa akasanganiswa neiyo biological kuchengetedza tekinoroji, zvirinani kuchengetedza mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa, uye hupenyu hwesherufu hwezvigadzirwa hunogona kunge hwakareba.
Kazhinji kutaura, tekinoroji yekurongedza yemamiriro ekunze yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kutsva kwemhando dzakasiyana dzechikafu, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yechikafu, uye kuwedzera kukosha kwechikafu.Iine mukana mukuru wemusika mune ramangwana.Nekudaro, vashandisi vanofanirwa kufunga maviri akakosha mapoinzi kana vachishandisa yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza machina.Izvo zvinodikanwa kunyatso kudzora muyero wekusanganiswa wemagasi akasiyana, uye kuzadza iyo inoenderana yakagadziridzwa mhepo yekurongedza gasi zvinoenderana neyakasiyana zvinongedzo, uye kuita gasi kusanganisa uye kutsiva, kuitira kuti zvirinani kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu uye kutsva nguva yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-23-2023
