Kushandiswa kwechikafu chitsva uye meteorological uye ivhu nharaunda, kunhonga maitiro, kurongedza maitiro, kurongedza chirongwa uye kutenderera uye yekufambisa nharaunda (tembiricha uye humidity renji, maparamita ekuita kwecushioning pad uye yekufambisa kurongedza, maturusi ekutenderera, giredhi remugwagwa, vibration frequency), nzira yekutengesa. nezvimwe zvinhu zvose zvine hukama.Pakati pavo, tekinoroji yekurongedza uye zvigadziriso zvinomhanya mukati meyese yekugovera chikafu chitsva, uye inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza chikafu.Packaging tekinoroji - yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza tekinoroji yakapinda zvishoma nezvishoma munharaunda yeruzhinji yekuona.
Chiiiri MAP?
Yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza: shandura kuumbwa kwegasi mukati mepakeji nekutsiviwa kwegasi, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera kana kudzikisa index yegasi mukati memhepo yemukati kana kuburitsa rimwe gasi, kuitira kuti chikafu chiri mukati chisiyane nekuumbwa kwemhepo. (mhepo inonyanya Kuumbwa ratio: nitrogen 78%, okisijeni 21%, carbon dioxide 0.031%, isingawanzo gasi 0.939%, mamwe magasi uye tsvina 0.03%) nharaunda, nekudzivirira uye kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemakemikari kana biochemical maitiro mukudya kuitira kuti uwane kutsva kwechikafu Uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu, zvikamu zvegasi mukati memudziyo wekurongedza zvinowanzobatanidza imwe kusvika kumatatu.Uye zvakare, imwe inowanzo shandiswa yekurongedza muchikafu chitsva - vacuum packaging tekinoroji inonzi zvakare decompression packaging.Nenzira yakamanikana, vacuum packaging haisi yebazi reyakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza, asi ndeyechikamu chemuviri wekurongedza tekinoroji, uye yave yakazvimirira sisitimu ine kudzika uye shanduko yetekinoroji.Mushure mekubvisa mhepo kubva mumudziyo wekurongedza, mukati memudziyo unosvika preset vacuum degree, uye ipapo mudziyo unovharwa.Asi kubva pakuona kwakafara, yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza inosanganisirawo vacuum kurongedza.
Matatu egasi anowanzo shandiswa mumodified atmosphere packaging
Chokutanga pane zvose, nzira dzekutonga kana chikafu chitsva chiri chitsva kana chakaparara muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kunyanya dzinosanganisira "kuona, kunzwa uye kubvunza".Tarisa: cherechedza ruvara uye chimiro chezvokudya;kunhuwa: kunhuwa kunhuwa kwezvokudya;bvunza: bvunza nezve ruzivo rwekutanga rwechikafu;cheka: bata chikafu kuti utonge kuvimbika kwayo.Idzi nzira dzinonyanya kuoneka mumatanho ekutengesa uye ekutakura echikafu chitsva, kureva, kuzivikanwa kwevanhu.Nezve iyo yakagadziridzwa yemhepo yekurongedza tekinoroji ine chekuita, iwo emukati ekutsiva magasi anonyanya kusanganisira kabhoni dhimoni, kabhoni monoxide, okisijeni, nitrogen, sarufa dioxide, uye iripo tsvakiridzo mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti imwe argon inogona kusarudzwa muhuwandu hwakakodzera kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvitsva.Zvisinei, magasi matatu anonyanya kushandiswa ekutsiva chikafu chitsva achiri: nitrogen, oxygen, uye carbon dioxide.Iyo chaiyo reshiyo yekumisikidza, ingave iripo, uye mashandiro ari muzvikamu zvevatatu zvese zvinoshanduka nehunhu hwepanyama hwechikafu chitsva uye zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera kuparara.
Okisijeni.Kazhinji, okisijeni yakabatana zvakanyanya nekufema.Kuvepo kweokisijeni mumhepo yakagadziridzwa kurongedza kunoreva oxidation yechikafu uye kuberekana kwema aerobic microorganisms, izvo zvisingafadzi zvinhu zvekuparara kwechikafu uye zvinofanirwa kubviswa kubva muzvikamu zvegasi.Chiitiko chemvura Aw chekudya chinounzwa pano.Chiitiko chemvura chinoyera mamorekuru emvura emahara muchikafu, izvo zvinopa zvekurarama uye kuberekana kwebhakitiriya uye tupukanana.Chikonzero chekuparara kwechikafu ndechekuita kwemakemikari, enzymatic reaction, uye kukura kwehutachiona uye kubereka kunoitika mukati mayo.Naizvozvo, kuvharidzira basa remvura kuchanyatso kudzora kunaka kwekudya.Zvekudya zvine basa remvura pazasi 0.88, deoxygenation inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwesherufu;uye nezvezvikafu zvitsva zvine basa remvura yakakwira, deoxygenation inoitawo imwe basa mukuchengetedza kutsva.Zvisinei, oxygen ndiyo imwe nyaya muzvokudya zvehuku zvitsva.
In carbon dioxidemodified atmosphere packaging technology, carbon dioxide igasi rinokosha rinoshandiswa kuchengetedza chikafu.Iine inhibitory inhibitory effect pane mold uye enzymes, uye ine "chepfu" mhedzisiro pane aerobic mabhakitiriya, asi ine mhedzisiro yakaipa pambiriso uye tsvuku aspergillus.Kutora Cladomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium softening, uye Aspergillus semuenzaniso, apo kusanganiswa kwecarbon dioxide kunosvika 10%, chiyero chekuberekwa kwevatatu vekutanga chinoratidza maitiro akajeka ekudzika;Chiyero chekubereka cheAspergillus chaive chakaderera pane 5%, nepo kutsetseka kukosha kweAspergillus kwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya mushure mekunge kusungwa kwasvika 10%, uye inhibition mhedzisiro yekuisa pachiyero chekubereka kwayo yaive shoma.
Nitrogen.Nitrogen pachayo haina inhibitory mhedzisiro pakukura kwemicroorganisms mune chero chikafu chitsva mune yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza, ndiko kuti, haina mabasa akadai sekuchengetedza kutsva uye antisepsis, uye panguva imwechete haina kukuvadza kune chikafu pachayo uye haizo mhanyisa. kuderera kwayo.Basa re nitrogen pano rinoratidzwa mumapoinzi maviri: 1) kudzikisa zvakazara okisijeni yakasara muzvikamu zvegasi mukati mekurongedza.2) Concrete "mutemo weDuPont": kana kabhoni dhayokisi ikanyudzwa nyore nehunyoro uye mafuta muchikafu uye pasuru yacho ikava yakapfava uye yakadonha, nitrogen inogona kushandiswa sekuzadza kuita kuti iyo yakavharwa yekutengesa pasuru iwedzere kutaridzika, inoyevedza uye yakatwasuka. Yakakura, kuitira kuti ikwanise kukwezva kutarisa kwevatengi nekukurumidza mukuita kwekutengesa, kuunza chishuwo chekutenga, uye kuzadzisa mhedzisiro yekusimudzira kutengesa.Uye zvakare, pane mashoma mapoinzi ekuwedzera: 1) Hazvibviri kuwana zvachose isina oxygen nharaunda mukati mepakeji.2) Mhedzisiro yecarbon dioxide pakuchengetedza chikafu chitsva ishoma.3) Naizvozvo, iyo chaiyo yekushandisa maitiro eyakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza hurongwa hwechikafu chitsva kazhinji inoda kusanganiswa neketani inotonhora (zvichienderana negasi uye yakaderera tembiricha nharaunda) kuti uwane yakanyatso mhedzisiro.
Artificial modified atmosphere packaging tekinoroji
Chekutanga, kiyi yekuumbwa kwegasi ndeyekuchengetedza nharaunda ine yakanyanya kuwanda kwekabhoni dioxide uye yakaderera yeokisijeni (kazhinji 1% -6%).Low-concentration oxygen inogona kutadzisa kufema kwezvibereko nemiriwo pasina kubudisa anaerobic respiration (fermentation);high-concentration carbon dioxide (kazhinji 1% -12%, sipinashi, domatisi kusvika 20%) inogona passivate kufema kwayo, asi kana reshiyo Kupfuura mwero kuchaita kuti "chepfu" uye spoilage chirimwa masero, saka chaiyo reshiyo chirongwa. zvinoenderana nemaitiro emichero nemiriwo.Mukuwedzera, kuderedzwa kwekushisa kwekuchengetedza kunobatsirawo kuderedza kusimba kwekufema kwezvibereko nemiriwo, asi kazhinji haifaniri kunge yakaderera kupfuura 0 ° C;kana zvisina kudaro, chiitiko che "chilling kukuvara uye kukuvara kwechando" yemichero nemiriwo zvakare yakakosha indekisi yekudzora tembiricha.
Kuenzaniswa neyakagadzirwa nevanhu, yakasikwa yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza tekinoroji ine mwero wekushandisa wepamusoro wechisikigo.Chinokosha chiri mukushanda kwefirimu yakasarudzwa inofema, iyo inoratidzirwa nekushandiswa kwekuzadza kusina kushanda.Kushandisa kufema kwemichero nemiriwo uye kusarudzwa kusarudzwa (nzira mbiri) dzemagasi akasiyana-siyana nefirimu, nzvimbo yemukati ine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekabhoni dioxide uye kuderera kweokisijeni inogadzirwa pakarepo.Yakananga maitiro: Mushure mekupeta kwapera, nekuda kwekufema kwemichero nemiriwo, mukati meokisijeni yemukati inoderera uye chikamu checarbon dioxide chinowedzera, icho chinomisa kufema.Zvadaro, kana iyo yemukati kabhoni dioksijeni yakanyanyisa, iyo inosarudza permeation basa refirimu (kukwanisa kwayo kupinza carbon dioxide iri 5 kusvika ku10 nguva yakakura kudarika kukwanisa kupinza oksijeni) inopinda mukati memukati carbon dioxide, uye panguva imwe chete. nguva inopinda zvishoma zvekunze kweokisijeni, kuchengetedza kuenzana kwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvegasi zvemukati kuti uwane hutsva hwekuchengetedza hutsva.Zvishandiso zvemufirimu zvinowanzo shandiswa mukugadziriswa kwemumhepo kurongedza zvinofanirwa kunge zvine yakanaka gasi chipingamupinyi uye hunyoro chinodzivirira zvivakwa kuchengetedza yakanakisa gasi kuumbwa uye kusungirira mukati.Pamusoro pemapoinzi maviri ari pamusoro apa, zvinodikanwa zvekushanda kwezvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira kupisa-kuvharisa zvisimbiso (yakanyanya kupisa-kusimbisa simba uye nyore kupisa-chisimbiso kuve nechokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso simba);kudzivirira kukanganisa panguva yekuita);pachena (zviri mukati zvinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nefirimu zvinhu, kupa masevhisi ekuongorora kwekubatanidza uye kutengesa);kumwe kuita kunodiwa (maererano nehunhu hwechikafu chitsva kuti uone kana zvinhu zvacho zvine zvimiro zvakaita semafuta kuramba uye kuchengetedzwa kwekunhuhwirira).Iyo yakasarudzika kupindira kwechisikigo yakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza zvinhu pano zvakare ine hukama nehutema hwefirimu uye tembiricha, uye mutemo wakajairika
Kupfupisa, izvo zvinodikanwa zvekushandisa kunoshanda kweakagadziridzwa mamiriro ekurongedza:
1) Bata zvivakwa uye shanduko yechikafu chitsva mukati kuti uone kuumbwa kwegasi uye kutarisisa;
2) Kudzora tembiricha yekuchengetera chikafu;
3) Inoshanda kune zvakasiyana zvekudya zvitsva uye gasi zvinyorwa Zvinodiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-30-2022
